Cosmos: Anti-Us....Anti-Matter

yeah yeah...i know you know about antimatter, after watching Angels and Demons you might know a thing or two about anti mater,
but do you really know what is anti matter?
ok its called the god particle blah blah...etc etc
but what it is exactly...why we are so very afraid of it?
well to start with it.its anti us..anti you..........anti me...........anti us

it was given attention first in 1880's . somebody like me was relaxing and he had nothing to do, and a thought was troubling him that everything has opposites...north-south, east-west, black-white, good-bad...and so on...but if looked closely..they were all made of one and the same thing....
thing
this kept intriguing him, thing means matter.....is there a thing with is opposite of matter...hence called antimatter.
so he proposed and all, until it was established that yes there might be a thing called antimatter, then in 1928 Paul Dirac when studied Schrödinger wave equation which incidentally suggested that there is possibility of antimatter being existent after all.

this was story so far...nope..there's more..
it was thought by that time that scientist were trying to make science god by making this thing called anti matter and the Catholics will loose faith, hence it was really tried to suppress, but not on large scale because they were too late for that..
if we look deeper into thing antimatter, it is the smallest part of any thing
for knowing antimatter...fist one must understand matter and atom
take a cube of cheese, cut in half, take the half, cut half again, now you have 1/4th cut that 14th into 1/2 again..do till you have such small part that you cannot possibly divide and cut it into half...that is atom
practically you cannot do that with your kitchen knife
but theoretically you will get atom, atom is the base of matter...
if we go inside atom, we have electrons, protons, and neutrons
electrons- negatively charged particles
protons-positively charged particle
neutrons-no charge
these are the basic things everything on earth has....every matter

so antimatter must be which doesn't have all these?

we don't know yet, we don't know that what it is made off, what is in it?
but what we knew is that, is is anti matter...one which destroys matter,
we know that even a speck of antimatter can destroy and create such a destruction that no human have ever witnessed it
when atom bomb was discovered, people feared it, when nuclear bomb was discovered, people feared it again, and now antimatter is on verge of being discovered, people are making it
im not against making it, but why not know the process of destroying it?
anyway..im supposed to count chickens before they hatch....so
lets look at egg.....antimatter
its reality that when a speck of antimatter comes in contact of anything(matter) it will surely release huge-vast amount of energy..which as shown in Angels and Demons was exactly what would happen.
a small speck would release so much energy which would be equal to many megatons of TNT and many time bigger than nuclear bombs

to be exact one gram of antimatter will be almost equal to 0.042960000000000005 megatons of destructive force
A megaton is a unit of energy approximately equivalent to the energy released
in the detonation of 1,000,000 tons of TNT. Used to specify the energy output, and hence
destructive power, of nuclear weapons.
and to give you an idea about the destructive power of various thing..take a look at table below then decide :)

Seymour Narrows, British Columbia 1958. 1,375 tons of chemical explosives.	1.375 kilotons
Little Boy, the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945.	13 kilotons.
Fat man, the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan on August 9, 1945.	20 kilotons.
The Tanguska / Tunguska Event (spelling is in dispute), suspected comet impact in Tanguska, Russia on June 30, 1908.	10 megatons
The Bravo test, one of the Bikini Atoll bomb tests. February 1954, was, at 15 megatons, the most powerful bomb ever detonated by the United States--far bigger than expected.	15 megatons
One pound of antimatter	19.5 megatons
Mount St. Helens May 18, 1980.	24 megatons
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. December 26, 2004 at 00:58:53 UTC. An undersea earthquake with an epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The earthquake generated a tsunami that is considered one of the deadliest natural disasters in history.	26.3 megatons
Tsar Bomba, the largest nuclear weapon ever detonated 11:32 AM 30 October 1961 (Moscow Time) Such a device could be souped up to deliver a 100 megaton blast.	50 megatons
The third 1883 eruption of Krakatoa	150 megatons
Hurricane Katrina hitting the Gulf Coast. At full power, a hurricane like Katrina releases 10 megatons every 20 minutes.	300 megatons
World War III, computed as the simultaneous explosion of all known nuclear devices (about 15,000 today).	10,000 megatons
"Dinosaur Killer" Impact of 10-15 km asteroid traveling at 20 kilometers per second.	100,000,000 megatons or 10^8 megatons
A supernova, an explosion powerful enough to destroy a solar system.	one billion billion billion megatons or 10^27 megatons

so now you see how destructive is antimatter.......any doubts?

Cosmos - A star is born.....somewhere

in last post i introduced you to fact that stars were actually nothing but ball of gas and dust, but heck why they do glow?
most of us have only seen a bulb and tube light (some even see fluorescent watches as light source) but yes stars too glow like all these, in fact they have there own light, just like our beloved sun who is million-billion years old. our grandpa

to understand why they glow, we would have to go to molecular level, even towards atoms.
in our universe we have hydrogen in abundant which is a perfect fuel.
so far so good, hydrogen is fuel and it catches fire and starts burning, but wait, who lights hydrogen? who has the ability to light this hydrogen who's power still cannot be trapped by us humans?


answer : gravity
strange na! see, e know that everything is attracting each other, on earth even im attracting my keyboard with same force as it is attracting me, but it never overcomes gravitational force of earth nor i overcome my mass. so we are both at same place as we were, but in space, its different story. in space the only force is gravity but not by another thing, but themselves
like take a big block of mass, some stone, now it is hanging there is space, but due to its mass and Newtons theory it will start attracting things/gasses/dust/smaller stones towards itself, a more practical example is earth and moon.
so when the gasses start to get collect at one place due to attractive force between them, as there mass increases, there force of gravity also increases, increasing the force of gravitation, hence increasing the mass, this continues eternally (some million years, for us this is eternal :P ) then as the mass increases, pressure inside increases as well, which in turn pushes the hydrogen atoms in there closer and closer,
there something happens
the pressure ever rising
the temperature ever rising
hydrogen atoms coming closer and closer
and then suddenly.........
the two hydrogen atoms fuse (hence fusion), and release a massive amount of energy and high temperature

almost like 20 Hiroshima and Nagasaki in single blow, which ignites the rest of hydrogen
and a star is born........somewhere
which will continue to glow eternally somewhere....like our sun, like the nearest star...like those twinkling little things up above the sky......there how everything started
have you ever heard of fourth dimension?

lets talk about it in nxt edition :)

Cosmos-Have you ever wonderd

before reading any further i would like you to ask yourself, are you alone?
no idiot, i didnt mean in the room,
just think are you alone in this universe....

i think not....but what the heck is that to do with our life?
nothing in particular to be honest, but i took some time from my helter-skelter life to wait, stand, look up, watch those beautiful stars up there.
arent they beautiful !
but wait, before i get caught in there charm, i ask myself, where are they? who are they?
why are they up there and so small?
answer to these question are also with a 5yr old child, who knows the nursery rhyme "twinkle twinkle little stars"
he knows "it up above the world so high", so do we,
but how much 'above'
arent you intrigued by this large distance, aren't you fascinated by the awesomeness of those blinking things.
lets start from base.
for those who aren't/weren't a science student, light travels at 299,792,458 m/s
aprox:300,000,000 m/s or 30,00,000 km/s
if you want an estimate we drive bike normally at not more than 60km/hr i.e 16.67m/s
and here we are seeing speed of light at whopping 17,983,950.7 times than ours,
this is madness even to think about comparing, but just to show actually what is light.
anyway
did you know that it takes approx 8 mins for sunlight to reach surface of earth, imagine light traveling at such enormous speed still taking 8 mins to reach earth, 149,565,511 kilometers.
since all these units are becoming too small for us to calculate and even write here, lets look towards our maths and physics textbook, there is defined a new unit, light years, dont get baffled
it is actually distance traveled by light in one year time
one light year=9.4605284 × 10¹² kilometers
so far so good, whats next now

well sorry to deviate you from beautiful stars :P
but this was the setting of what is going to follow.

okay, so we were looking up the sky, and wondering what they are, and where are, who they are
lets go step by step
most of the people like me might know what they are.
they are nothing but a ball of gas and dust, gas is mostly hydrogen
they why the heck are they glowing, well to understand this, i feel is necessary for us to understand what is fission
now if you have seen that wiki page, then in simple language i will say that fusion is actually joining of two atom/atomic nuclei, what happens is when these gas molecule are packed tightly , so tightly packed that the nuclear forces between the electron and proton loose its battle to gravitational and external pressure. will explain more soon

these stars glow because of fusion, fusion releases high amount of energy which is still uncontrollable for us humans, and havnt yet able to setup such device that could hold the energy coming out of fusion. sun is perfect example
actually sun is a mid-sized star. which has fuel almost unlimited that it has been burning continuously for last 4.5 billion years old, and whats your age :P
like sun there are many other stars, and those are there up are gas ball but some are much and many time heavier than sun, but now wonder why they are so small like speck of dirt whereas sun is so big enough to make us sweat in summer days?
answer : distance in light years (now you know why i wasted your time :P )
4.22 light years or 9.46 x 10¹² km long way.....still closest
its name is Proxima Centauri.
welcome to our nearest neighbor :)

more in next version