Cosmos: Anti-Us....Anti-Matter

yeah yeah...i know you know about antimatter, after watching Angels and Demons you might know a thing or two about anti mater,
but do you really know what is anti matter?
ok its called the god particle blah blah...etc etc
but what it is exactly...why we are so very afraid of it?
well to start with it.its anti us..anti you..........anti me...........anti us

it was given attention first in 1880's . somebody like me was relaxing and he had nothing to do, and a thought was troubling him that everything has opposites...north-south, east-west, black-white, good-bad...and so on...but if looked closely..they were all made of one and the same thing....
thing
this kept intriguing him, thing means matter.....is there a thing with is opposite of matter...hence called antimatter.
so he proposed and all, until it was established that yes there might be a thing called antimatter, then in 1928 Paul Dirac when studied Schrödinger wave equation which incidentally suggested that there is possibility of antimatter being existent after all.

this was story so far...nope..there's more..
it was thought by that time that scientist were trying to make science god by making this thing called anti matter and the Catholics will loose faith, hence it was really tried to suppress, but not on large scale because they were too late for that..
if we look deeper into thing antimatter, it is the smallest part of any thing
for knowing antimatter...fist one must understand matter and atom
take a cube of cheese, cut in half, take the half, cut half again, now you have 1/4th cut that 14th into 1/2 again..do till you have such small part that you cannot possibly divide and cut it into half...that is atom
practically you cannot do that with your kitchen knife
but theoretically you will get atom, atom is the base of matter...
if we go inside atom, we have electrons, protons, and neutrons
electrons- negatively charged particles
protons-positively charged particle
neutrons-no charge
these are the basic things everything on earth has....every matter

so antimatter must be which doesn't have all these?

we don't know yet, we don't know that what it is made off, what is in it?
but what we knew is that, is is anti matter...one which destroys matter,
we know that even a speck of antimatter can destroy and create such a destruction that no human have ever witnessed it
when atom bomb was discovered, people feared it, when nuclear bomb was discovered, people feared it again, and now antimatter is on verge of being discovered, people are making it
im not against making it, but why not know the process of destroying it?
anyway..im supposed to count chickens before they hatch....so
lets look at egg.....antimatter
its reality that when a speck of antimatter comes in contact of anything(matter) it will surely release huge-vast amount of energy..which as shown in Angels and Demons was exactly what would happen.
a small speck would release so much energy which would be equal to many megatons of TNT and many time bigger than nuclear bombs

to be exact one gram of antimatter will be almost equal to 0.042960000000000005 megatons of destructive force
A megaton is a unit of energy approximately equivalent to the energy released
in the detonation of 1,000,000 tons of TNT. Used to specify the energy output, and hence
destructive power, of nuclear weapons.
and to give you an idea about the destructive power of various thing..take a look at table below then decide :)

Seymour Narrows, British Columbia 1958. 1,375 tons of chemical explosives.	1.375 kilotons
Little Boy, the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945.	13 kilotons.
Fat man, the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan on August 9, 1945.	20 kilotons.
The Tanguska / Tunguska Event (spelling is in dispute), suspected comet impact in Tanguska, Russia on June 30, 1908.	10 megatons
The Bravo test, one of the Bikini Atoll bomb tests. February 1954, was, at 15 megatons, the most powerful bomb ever detonated by the United States--far bigger than expected.	15 megatons
One pound of antimatter	19.5 megatons
Mount St. Helens May 18, 1980.	24 megatons
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. December 26, 2004 at 00:58:53 UTC. An undersea earthquake with an epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The earthquake generated a tsunami that is considered one of the deadliest natural disasters in history.	26.3 megatons
Tsar Bomba, the largest nuclear weapon ever detonated 11:32 AM 30 October 1961 (Moscow Time) Such a device could be souped up to deliver a 100 megaton blast.	50 megatons
The third 1883 eruption of Krakatoa	150 megatons
Hurricane Katrina hitting the Gulf Coast. At full power, a hurricane like Katrina releases 10 megatons every 20 minutes.	300 megatons
World War III, computed as the simultaneous explosion of all known nuclear devices (about 15,000 today).	10,000 megatons
"Dinosaur Killer" Impact of 10-15 km asteroid traveling at 20 kilometers per second.	100,000,000 megatons or 10^8 megatons
A supernova, an explosion powerful enough to destroy a solar system.	one billion billion billion megatons or 10^27 megatons

so now you see how destructive is antimatter.......any doubts?

Cosmos -Mysterious Black holes

welcome back if you are here again, and hello if you are first time
for the first times, i hope you know what is black hole
because to know the mystery of black hole, you have to actually know what is exactly black hole.

to put in simple and pure words, black is nothing but a very densely packed mass of gasses and dust, which has so high magnetic field that nothing can escape it, not even light, well, when you read this line, i am making an understatement.
you should get this in your head very loud and clear that even light cannot escape from black hole.
think about it, isnt this like some amazing fairy tale?
well if you get that kind of feeling right now, i would like to welcome you to the universe
welcome to the world since you have taken some time out of your busy schedule :)

in last few post, i mentioned how black holes are formed, to brush that a little, lets revise it point wise
black holes are formed because
1:heavy initial mass of star
2:burning out of fuel
3:supernova
4:compression due to gravity to extreme condition

so these factor determine or tell the story of formation of a black hole
a black can be termed as goon of our universe, like some gangster on loose...who will destroy everything that comes in its way.
and goons are always bad.
what makes them bad? why are they bad? they destroy things that's why?
no thats not the only one reason, but sure its one of the major reason
black holes are, as i earlier said,mass of highly packed gas and dust, today i would like to refine my statement, which would remind you that it is actually a dead star
black holes is mass of highly packed debris of dead star. sounds spooky to me :P
anyway, its actually debris of whats left from star when it die, how?
well see this, a star massive in size, so powerful that it liberates the same of amount of energy in one second as sun take a year to give. and that all, a star which is tens and thousand times bigger than sun itself, just guess the size, what would be like to stay in a solar system with such star and have it as sun, better be the ninth planet for it :P

when star run out of fuel, it extinguishes, what left is lithium or carbon or any higher atmoic number bearing metal in periodic table
for e.g lets assume that its made of carbon
okay, so here we have so much carbon that its ball was many times bigger than sun, suddenly after its off, the whole mass is concentrated not bigger than the sun,in fact many times smaller than sun.
such is the density, such is the compactness, such is the gravity inside.
and this dudes, is the real culprit.
this gravity due to the awesome mass collapsed, is so strong that it simply devourers anything that might be in its way and still be hungry for more. till date never anyone has seen a black hole dying, we have just seen them eating, gobbling up planets-suns-stars-and even galaxies
dont be surprised, there is more to add to this.
have you seen carefully to a glass of water when you stir it with spoon?
what happens?
a vortex is created, right
well imagine something like that big rotating at very high speed, what will be size of vortex
but wait here, aint i wrong about vortex, here on earth when you stir water, you are actually stiring the whole medium, and in space there is no medium, so how can a vortex be there?
when a black hole is revolving it too creates a vortex and the vortex are at its poles, the poles on which it is spinning
this vortex is made up of dust and gas which black hole once devoured, x-rays, u-v's, radio waves and cosmic waves
and believe it or not, these vortex are so long, sometimes even span through and through a galaxy

these vortex are so large and powerful that they can even destroy a galaxy from light years of distance
but these are less destructive from the hunger and striving of the black hole. its mass keeps increasing and hence gravity
nothing can ever come out of it. on earth we know that speed of light is so very fast, plus its not made of particle so we cant make a device which can bend light except change the medium, not by attraction
if ever we created it, it will first destroy our planet by attracting everything, including the hot-molten-iron-lava inside, and turning whole planet upside down, well we will talk about it later, light, focus on light.
bottom line we cannot bend light by attraction, but black holes can, there force of gravity is such that it not only bends light but even absorbs it all the way.
your next question must be that, if they dont have there own light (as then name suggest-black) and they dont reflect light visible to our eyes, then how the hell are they detected at first place.
black holes are not pinned at one place, they move, and we humans have a big keen eye up there called Hubble telescope, it keeps 24X7, 365days its eyes looking for changes, when astronomers find that there was a no stars visible in that area and after few years suddenly becomes visible, they match years of photographs and then after there finding they declare that there might be/is a black hole there, destroying things.
such are black holes detected in space.

but i too am still wondering about a fact,
we know that light is energy, infact every thing in this universe is energy as per Einstein energy and mass are inter-convertible, so where is this energy going.....is it being converted into mass, if yes, what kind of mass is that?
what metal/non metal it converts itself?
what will happen when the mass increases like anything and it again becomes very big o initial size but huge mass.
my question is only, 'then what?'

we dont know yet, if you think you know, tell me as well,
why we dont know because our time frame is much smaller than that of stars, like we see moths, they are born and die on same day, there lifepsan is of 24hrs, but from there perspective they are born, become adult, mate and give eggs, and then die, for then we, humans are like those stars to us,, eternal-immovable-dormant-mysterious etc etc
so we have to wait for years, maybe decades, maybe centuries to get an answer of what might be happening to black holes...........

what might happen?

Cosmos-Have you ever wonderd

before reading any further i would like you to ask yourself, are you alone?
no idiot, i didnt mean in the room,
just think are you alone in this universe....

i think not....but what the heck is that to do with our life?
nothing in particular to be honest, but i took some time from my helter-skelter life to wait, stand, look up, watch those beautiful stars up there.
arent they beautiful !
but wait, before i get caught in there charm, i ask myself, where are they? who are they?
why are they up there and so small?
answer to these question are also with a 5yr old child, who knows the nursery rhyme "twinkle twinkle little stars"
he knows "it up above the world so high", so do we,
but how much 'above'
arent you intrigued by this large distance, aren't you fascinated by the awesomeness of those blinking things.
lets start from base.
for those who aren't/weren't a science student, light travels at 299,792,458 m/s
aprox:300,000,000 m/s or 30,00,000 km/s
if you want an estimate we drive bike normally at not more than 60km/hr i.e 16.67m/s
and here we are seeing speed of light at whopping 17,983,950.7 times than ours,
this is madness even to think about comparing, but just to show actually what is light.
anyway
did you know that it takes approx 8 mins for sunlight to reach surface of earth, imagine light traveling at such enormous speed still taking 8 mins to reach earth, 149,565,511 kilometers.
since all these units are becoming too small for us to calculate and even write here, lets look towards our maths and physics textbook, there is defined a new unit, light years, dont get baffled
it is actually distance traveled by light in one year time
one light year=9.4605284 × 10¹² kilometers
so far so good, whats next now

well sorry to deviate you from beautiful stars :P
but this was the setting of what is going to follow.

okay, so we were looking up the sky, and wondering what they are, and where are, who they are
lets go step by step
most of the people like me might know what they are.
they are nothing but a ball of gas and dust, gas is mostly hydrogen
they why the heck are they glowing, well to understand this, i feel is necessary for us to understand what is fission
now if you have seen that wiki page, then in simple language i will say that fusion is actually joining of two atom/atomic nuclei, what happens is when these gas molecule are packed tightly , so tightly packed that the nuclear forces between the electron and proton loose its battle to gravitational and external pressure. will explain more soon

these stars glow because of fusion, fusion releases high amount of energy which is still uncontrollable for us humans, and havnt yet able to setup such device that could hold the energy coming out of fusion. sun is perfect example
actually sun is a mid-sized star. which has fuel almost unlimited that it has been burning continuously for last 4.5 billion years old, and whats your age :P
like sun there are many other stars, and those are there up are gas ball but some are much and many time heavier than sun, but now wonder why they are so small like speck of dirt whereas sun is so big enough to make us sweat in summer days?
answer : distance in light years (now you know why i wasted your time :P )
4.22 light years or 9.46 x 10¹² km long way.....still closest
its name is Proxima Centauri.
welcome to our nearest neighbor :)

more in next version